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| A cell is being tested for unit charge value. The surface voltmeter is displaying 2,134 volts. This value can reach as high as 12,000 volts or greater. Photo: Pesn.com |
After further researching a Joe cell’s unit charge, I have uncovered a few additional characteristics that a Joe cell possesses. I previously stated that the unit charge in a Joe cell will typically reach between 300 and 3,000 volts when the cell is supplied with a 24 volt input.
I would like to update that the typical charge value as now being between 3,000 and 12,000 volts when supplied with a 12 volt input. When humidity and temperature are favorable, a cell with a 12 volt input can reach 12,000 volts or more in 30 minutes.
Unit charge depends on electrically charged bubbles ascending to the water’s surface where they then burst and give up their charge. No charge is delivered if bubbles do not reach the surface. I arrived at this conclusion by placing a layer of mineral oil atop the cell water. Floating oil forms a seal which blocks the rising bubbles from reaching the surface.
Bubbles still form with the same intensity as though the oil is not there, but are obstructed by the oil. Eventually, they begin to penetrate the oil and rise at a very slow rate, but unit charge never develops: it remains at zero volts.
When a cell’s unit charge reaches nearly 5,000 volts, the cell then has ability to support a low level electrical discharge to earth referenced objects. As the charge increases, the discharge becomes more noticeable. Any material isolated from earth ground, while in contact with an isolated cell producing electrolysis, will, in fact, become electrically charged by the cell.
I first noticed small metal objects could easily be charged by placing them in contact with the cell. I then progressed to larger and larger objects. Given that a Joe cell has been associated with vehicles, I decided to see if a cell could charge the chassis of a vehicle, while the vehicle was earth isolated. I placed the four wheels of a 1993 F-150 truck on isolation pads composed of 2 inch thick high density styrofoam. The foam was sandwiched between 3/4 inch plywood to prevent damage to the foam.
During the first set of experiments, the engine was not running. A separate 12 volt battery was used as the cell’s input instead of using the vehicle’s battery. I found that the cell, which contains four 6-inch long stainless cylinders, ranging from one to four inches in diameter, actually could charge a vehicle’s chassis. Rate of charge was rather slow due to the mass of the engine and chassis.
After two hours of charge time, the chassis had reached near 1,000 volts positive and still increasing when the test ended. Once the large mass of the vehicle becomes charged, the cell’s ampacity is slightly increased. The electric field surrounding the vehicle does not totally collapse when a hand is placed on the vehicle, as it normally does when the cell is acting on its own and receives a touch.
Charge placed on the vehicle is distributed throughout the engine and chassis. This includes all outer and interior metal and plastic parts, glass windows, and rubber tires. Charge remains on the vehicle for quite some time, depending on the humidity. If ground reference is allowed to reach the vehicle, the charge bleeds off. Most vehicle tires today are semi-conductive due to carbon black being added during their construction.
Among other things, carbon black gives the tires a static rating so they reduce the chance of annoying electrical shocks when we exit a vehicle. If you receive an electric shock when you exit your vehicle, it is probably you that has the stored charge and not the vehicle. Static rated tires will not allow charge to build up on a vehicle. Thus, isolation pads were necessary for these experiments.
The next set of experiments was modified, so a separate battery was not required to provide cell input voltage. The engine was now running, and the cell’s input voltage was provided by the alternator’s 14.6 volt bus. This arrangement provided a much faster charge rate for unit charge to accumulate on the chassis. Charge reached 700 volts in 30 minutes.
For most of these experiments, the Joe cell was placed atop the engine setting on a wooden support. It does not matter where the cell is located: it can be placed inside or outside the vehicle and get the same results.
One part of this experiment involved isolating the cell and its battery from the chassis by using the same type of Styrofoam that was used for the tires. This allowed the cell to charge to its normal values due to not being loaded by the vehicle chassis. The cell developed near 5,000 volts in ten minutes, while the chassis received 270 volts during this same time period.
An object being charged by a Joe cell can have its charge time reduced if two cells are employed instead of one. Using two cells connected in series or shunt allows unit charge from each cell to couple together. This creates a single unit charge of greater value than if a single cell had been used.
At this time, I have two claims concerning a Joe cell’s unit charge: First is the fact that unit charge does exist in a Joe cell and can be accurately measured. Secondly, a cell’s unit charge can be transferred over time to other objects, no matter how large these objects are. This includes a vehicle’s engine and chassis, if the cell and vehicle are both isolated from earth ground.
A cell’s unit charge is a static charge with very limited current. However, the electric field produced by this charge has the same intensity as other high voltage charges which have the ability to furnish high currents. The field can induce voltages of high amplitudes in objects without itself being degraded. I’m experimenting at this time with this very thing.
I think there is a great deal to learn about unit charge, and I am to this day still astonished at how the process of bubbles generating high voltage is occurring. I’m not sure at this time if a Joe cell’s unit charge has a useful purpose or not. This brings to mind what was said to Lee de Forest, when he discovered that the grid in a vacuum tube could control high currents passing through a diode tube. His assistants ask him, what good is that?
Thanks,
James Goss
Unit charge depends on electrically charged bubbles ascending to the water’s surface where they then burst and give up their charge. No charge is delivered if bubbles do not reach the surface. I arrived at this conclusion by placing a layer of mineral oil atop the cell water. Floating oil forms a seal which blocks the rising bubbles from reaching the surface.
Bubbles still form with the same intensity as though the oil is not there, but are obstructed by the oil. Eventually, they begin to penetrate the oil and rise at a very slow rate, but unit charge never develops: it remains at zero volts.
When a cell’s unit charge reaches nearly 5,000 volts, the cell then has ability to support a low level electrical discharge to earth referenced objects. As the charge increases, the discharge becomes more noticeable. Any material isolated from earth ground, while in contact with an isolated cell producing electrolysis, will, in fact, become electrically charged by the cell.
I first noticed small metal objects could easily be charged by placing them in contact with the cell. I then progressed to larger and larger objects. Given that a Joe cell has been associated with vehicles, I decided to see if a cell could charge the chassis of a vehicle, while the vehicle was earth isolated. I placed the four wheels of a 1993 F-150 truck on isolation pads composed of 2 inch thick high density styrofoam. The foam was sandwiched between 3/4 inch plywood to prevent damage to the foam.
During the first set of experiments, the engine was not running. A separate 12 volt battery was used as the cell’s input instead of using the vehicle’s battery. I found that the cell, which contains four 6-inch long stainless cylinders, ranging from one to four inches in diameter, actually could charge a vehicle’s chassis. Rate of charge was rather slow due to the mass of the engine and chassis.
After two hours of charge time, the chassis had reached near 1,000 volts positive and still increasing when the test ended. Once the large mass of the vehicle becomes charged, the cell’s ampacity is slightly increased. The electric field surrounding the vehicle does not totally collapse when a hand is placed on the vehicle, as it normally does when the cell is acting on its own and receives a touch.
Charge placed on the vehicle is distributed throughout the engine and chassis. This includes all outer and interior metal and plastic parts, glass windows, and rubber tires. Charge remains on the vehicle for quite some time, depending on the humidity. If ground reference is allowed to reach the vehicle, the charge bleeds off. Most vehicle tires today are semi-conductive due to carbon black being added during their construction.
Among other things, carbon black gives the tires a static rating so they reduce the chance of annoying electrical shocks when we exit a vehicle. If you receive an electric shock when you exit your vehicle, it is probably you that has the stored charge and not the vehicle. Static rated tires will not allow charge to build up on a vehicle. Thus, isolation pads were necessary for these experiments.
The next set of experiments was modified, so a separate battery was not required to provide cell input voltage. The engine was now running, and the cell’s input voltage was provided by the alternator’s 14.6 volt bus. This arrangement provided a much faster charge rate for unit charge to accumulate on the chassis. Charge reached 700 volts in 30 minutes.
For most of these experiments, the Joe cell was placed atop the engine setting on a wooden support. It does not matter where the cell is located: it can be placed inside or outside the vehicle and get the same results.
One part of this experiment involved isolating the cell and its battery from the chassis by using the same type of Styrofoam that was used for the tires. This allowed the cell to charge to its normal values due to not being loaded by the vehicle chassis. The cell developed near 5,000 volts in ten minutes, while the chassis received 270 volts during this same time period.
An object being charged by a Joe cell can have its charge time reduced if two cells are employed instead of one. Using two cells connected in series or shunt allows unit charge from each cell to couple together. This creates a single unit charge of greater value than if a single cell had been used.
At this time, I have two claims concerning a Joe cell’s unit charge: First is the fact that unit charge does exist in a Joe cell and can be accurately measured. Secondly, a cell’s unit charge can be transferred over time to other objects, no matter how large these objects are. This includes a vehicle’s engine and chassis, if the cell and vehicle are both isolated from earth ground.
A cell’s unit charge is a static charge with very limited current. However, the electric field produced by this charge has the same intensity as other high voltage charges which have the ability to furnish high currents. The field can induce voltages of high amplitudes in objects without itself being degraded. I’m experimenting at this time with this very thing.
I think there is a great deal to learn about unit charge, and I am to this day still astonished at how the process of bubbles generating high voltage is occurring. I’m not sure at this time if a Joe cell’s unit charge has a useful purpose or not. This brings to mind what was said to Lee de Forest, when he discovered that the grid in a vacuum tube could control high currents passing through a diode tube. His assistants ask him, what good is that?
Thanks,
James Goss
Source: PESN
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